Author: Vũ Hoàng | Source: VnExpress | Posted on: 2018-04-26 |


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Tổng thống Hàn Quốc Kim Dae-jung tới Bình Nhưỡng năm 2000. Video: KCNA. |
Chính quyền Kim Dae-jung lẫn chính quyền Roh Moo-hyun đều hiểu rõ những rủi ro khi gặp lãnh đạo Triều Tiên Kim Jong-il trên "sân nhà" của ông cũng như các thách thức họ phải đối mặt nếu trở về "tay trắng". Trong trường hợp của tổng thống Kim Dae-jung, "Triều Tiên chỉ thể hiện thái độ kiểu như 'cứ đến đi, tất cả mọi chuyện rồi sẽ ổn'. Vì vậy, việc tồn tại tâm lý lo âu, bất an là điều dễ hiểu", Kim Hong-gul, con trai ông Kim Dae-jung, nói với CNN.



Lãnh đạo Triều Tiên Kim Jong-il (phải) nắm tay tổng thống Hàn Quốc Roh Moo-hyun sau khi hai người trao đổi một tuyên bố chung ngày 4/10/2007. Ảnh: CNN.



Lãnh đạo Triều Tiên Kim Jong-il (phải) đón tổng thống Hàn Quốc Kim Dae-jung ở sân bay quốc tế Sunan, Bình Nhưỡng, hồi tháng 6/2000. Ảnh: CNN.

Author: Phương Vũ | Source: VnExpress | Posted on: 2018-04-26 |

Điểm thử hạt nhân Punggye-ri trước và sau vụ nổ ngày 3/9/2017. Ảnh: Planet Labs.

Vị trí của điểm thử hạt nhân tại Punggye-ri. Đồ họa: Al Jazeera.
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Who's at the table for the first inter-Korean summit meeting
Six people were seen at the round table inside the meeting room at the start of today's summit.
On the North Korean side, Kim Jong Un sat alongside his sister Kim Yo Jong and top government official and former spy chief Kim Yong Chol.
Flanking Moon Jae-in were Suh Hoon, the head of South Korea's spy agency, and Chief Presidential Secretary Im Jong-Suk.

What's happened at the inter-Korean summit so far

It's been a busy morning on the Korean Peninsula.
North Korean leader Kim Jong Un appeared at about 9:30 South Korean time for the meeting.
He walked up to the demarcation line that divides the two sides of demilitarized zone, shook hands with Moon Jae-in, and then crossed into the southern side for the pomp and circumstance expected of such a high-level meeting of world leaders.
The leaders then retreated to the Peace House, where Kim Jong Un signed a guestbook with the inscription "a new history begins now."
They then entered the recently redesigned meeting room and gave statements on camera before the media was kicked out for the closed-door talks.
Instant analysis: What the experts are saying about the summit's first moments
From CNN's James Griffiths and Joshua Berlinger
Adam Cathcart, editor of SinoNK.com and a lecturer at Leeds University:
Both Kim Jong-un’s written inscription and opening statement upon arrival seemed to emphasize the need for a new beginning -- which is surely pragmatic, but also makes me wonder to what extent it is a means of trying to put North Korea’s nuclear weapons into the category of "old and established conflicts" which need not be revisited in the interests of forging new cooperation.It’s also interesting that trying to start with a clean slate internationally in 2018 in some ways runs counter to what he has been doing domestically, to an almost clinical extent, namely associating himself fully with his predecessors and in full alignment with North Korea’s own history.
Adam Mount, director of the Defense Posture Project at the Federation of American Scientists:
Moon Jae-in has a vision of peaceful coexistence with North Korea. It is the right vision. Over time, the United States and South Korea can as allies deter and contain, disarm and reform the regime -- but this is only possible if we commit ourselves to a long term strategy to do so. The success of this summit will not be known today but will depend on the reactions from Washington and Pyongyang over the coming days and weeks. North Korean cheating and US ambivalence has caused the collapse of all previous openings.

Anwita Basu, analyst at The Economist Intelligence Unit:
The two leaders will focus primarily on prospects of lasting peace on the Korean Peninsula. Moon Jae-in will prioritize denuclearization today and will try to establish pressure points as will Kim. Economic cooperation will certainly be touched upon but this will be used as an exercise by both the leaders to get a sense of where the other stands in terms of compromise. The stakes are high and a fall-out at this stage will certainly make it impossible to draw a lasting peace accord.
The view from South Korea, China and Japan
Friday's summit will be viewed from different angles by Asia's various regional powers. Here's a snapshot:
South Korea
From CNN's Paula Hancocks near the DMZ:
A peace deal is something the Blue House has specified they want to happen. South Korea would be happy if Moon Jae-in at the end of the day could say, yes, we declare an end to war.
China
From CNN's Matt Rivers in Beijing:
There is absolutely concern here in China that they are not going to have a seat at the table. Let’s say things go well today. Let’s say that the meeting between Kim and Trump goes well. Do negotiations over the North Korean nuclear program consist of those three countries alone? That would be something that China would be very upset by. So they’re doing everything they can to make suer they’re influencing North Korea in whatever way they can.
Japan
From CNN's Junko Ogura in Tokyo:
Japan has applauded South Korea’s efforts in organizing today’s inter-Korean summit and says it expects “positive discussions” in order to solve issues such as “abductions, nuclear and missiles,” Chief Cabinet Secretary Yoshihide Suga said at a regular news conference on Friday.
Kim Jong Un is off to lunch
Kim Jong Un has traveled back to the North Korean side of the demilitarized zone as the two sides break for lunch. He entered a black Mercedes-Benz limousine surrounded by bodyguards, which then drove across the military demarcation line -- with the guards running beside the vehicle.



CNN's Will Ripley, who has traveled to North Korea more than a dozen times, said Kim's security detail is both impressive and intimidating.
Here's what happens after the first closed-door meeting
From CNN's Vasco Cotovio in Hong Kong

Kim and Moon are expected to go their separate ways for lunch, and then meet up again to plant a pine tree from 1953 (the year the Korean War armistice was signed).
The pine tree is a symbol of strength but also mindfulness in Tae Kwon Do, a Korean form of martial arts, because it grows strong roots below ground and high above it.
The military demarcation line is now a "symbol of peace," Moon says
From CNN’s James Griffiths in Ilsan

South Korean President Moon Jae-in said that as North Korean Leader Kim Jong Un crossed the military demarcation line (MDL), it became a symbol of peace, as he made his opening remarks at the beginning of the first inter-Korean summit in more than a decade.
“I would like to pay tribute to the courageous and bold decision made by you chairman Kim to arrange our meeting,” he said.
Moon echoed Kim’s assertion that their encounter was extremely important and that expectations on both of them were very high. “I believe our encounter is extremely important for all of us and that of course means there is a huge burden on our shoulders,” Moon said.
He went on to say that after not speaking for so long, he could talk to the North Korean leader the entire day.
“Over the past seven decades we weren’t able to communicate, so I think we can talk the whole day today," Moon said, drawing laughs from Kim.
Who's who at the inter-Korean summit

Kim Jong Un and Moon Jae-in brought delegations with them for today's talks. Here are some of the key people on both sides.
Kim's side:
- Kim Yong Nam, North Korea's ceremonial head of state. Kim was part of the delegation that traveled to the opening ceremony of the Winter Olympics in South Korea in February.
- Kim Yong Chol, vice-chairman of the Party Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea (WPK). He was previously the country's spy chief and is widely believed to have masterminded the sinking of a South Korean navy ship that killed 46 sailors in 2010. He led the North's delegation to the closing ceremony of the Winter Games.
- Kim Yo Jong, Kim Jong Un's sister. She is the first vice director of the Central Committee of the WPK and runs the country's Propaganda and Agitation Department. In February, Kim became the first member of her family ever to travel into South Korea since the Korean War, leading her country's delegation to the Winter Olympics. She personally extended an invitation from Kim Jong Un to Moon Jae-in to travel to North Korea.
Moon's side:
- Chung Eui-yong, South Korea's national security chief. Chung led the delegation that traveled to Pyongyang last month to meet with Kim Jong Un ahead of today's summit. He then traveled to Washington to brief US President Donald Trump on his meeting with Kim.
- Suh Hoon, the head of the South Korean National Intelligence Service. Suh was also a member of the delegation sent to Pyongyang and went with Chung to Washington.
- Cho Myoung-gyon, the head of South Korea Unification Ministry.
- Kang Kyung-wha, South Korea's foreign minister.
- Song Young-moo, South Korea's defense minister.
Moon crossing north was not planned
The moment when South Korean President Moon Jae-in crossed the military demarcation line into the northern side of the demilitarized zone (DMZ) was not planned, South Korea’s Blue House said in a statement on Friday.
Watch the moment:
Kim: "Why was it so difficult to get here?"
From CNN's James Griffiths and Stella Ko

Kim Jong Un kicked off this morning's meeting with Moon Jae-in by telling him they should meet more often.
“As I walked over here, I thought, why was it so difficult to get here?” Kim told Moon and the South Korean delegation as they began talks.
“The separating line wasn’t even that high to cross. It was too easy to walk over that line and it took us 11 years to get here.”
Media center gasps as Kim crosses DMZ
From CNN's James Griffiths and Sol Han in South Korea
Around 2,000 journalists are gathered at a media center in Ilsan, South Korea to cover the summit.
The room was tense as the journalists massed inside the Kintex Conference Center waited for their first sight of Kim Jong Un.
An audible gasp ran through the room as Kim walked down the steps towards the military demarcation line, followed by a loud cheers and applause from South Koreans in the room as the historic handshake took place and Kim stepped onto the south side.

A crowd of people gathered at Seoul station to take in the summit, many taking photos of the moment Kim Jong Un and Moon Jae-in shook hands. when Kim crossed the military demarcation line, people applauded and wowed.
Ji Kwang-jin, seen in the yellow shirt in the above photo, told CNN he was happy to see such a positive reaction.
"I came here to just watch the moment along with the other people since it's a historical moment I wanted to be with the public the moment I watch it," he said.
Moon Jae-in: "Spring (is) spreading in South Korea"
From CNN's James Griffiths and Joshua Berlinger
Kim Jong Un and Moon Jae-in each delivered opening remarks with the press present in the meeting room.
This is some of what they said, according to the official translation provided by the South Korean government.
From Kim:
The expectations are high and we have learned a lesson from previous times and even if we have good agreements and implementations don’t follow they will disappoint people who had high expectations. I hope the 11 years have lost in the past until this time don’t go to waste, and we can meet more often and put our minds together and the 11 years will not be wasted. I hope to write a new chapter between us. I believe that we are able to make a new beginning, and it is with such commitment I come to this meeting.
From Moon:
Spring (is) spreading in South Korea. I believe our encounter is extremely important for all of us. That of course means there is a huge burden on our shoulders. Comrade Kim, for the first time in our history you crossed the military demarcation line. It is no longer a symbol of division but a symbol of peace. I would like to pay tribute to the courageous and bold decision made by you, Chairman Kim.
The room where the two leaders will meet underwent a dramatic makeover
Seoul gave the room where North Korean leader Kim Jong Un and South Korea's President Moon Jae-in will meet.
The room underwent a dramatic makeover and was redecorated with symbolic tidbits throughout.
The normal rectangular table has been replaced by an oval one. Moon's office hopes the shape will encourage the summit's participants to talk candidly.
Other design features focus on the shared history between the two countries, including incorporating elements of a Hanok, a traditional Korean house.
Here's what it looks like:

Kim Jong Un: "A new history starts now"

After entering the Peace House for the inter-Korean summit, Kim Jong Un wrote in the guest book "a new history begins now" and "an age of peace, at the starting point of history."
Moon's office posted a picture of Kim's mes
White House: "We wish the Korean people well"

The White House has issued a statement on the Moon-Kim meeting:
“On the occasion of Republic of Korea President Moon Jae-in’s historic meeting with North Korean leader Kim Jong Un, we wish the Korean people well. We are hopeful that talks will achieve progress toward a future of peace and prosperity for the entire Korean Peninsula. The United States appreciates the close coordination with our ally, the Republic of Korea, and looks forward to continuing robust discussions in preparation for the planned meeting between President Donald J. Trump and Kim Jong Un in the coming weeks."
The two leaders retreated to a meeting room
The pomp and circumstances of the initial encounter has concluded. Kim, Moon and their delegations are now retreating to the meeting room for a quick chat before serious talks get underway.
The talks are taking place at the Peace House, located in what's known as either the Truce Village, the Joint Security Area (JSA) or Panmunjom. The Peace House is in the only part of the DMZ where troops from the two Koreas stand off face-to-face

Kims signs guest book at Peace House
Kim Jong Un has entered the Peace House on the southern side of the demilitarized zone, where the summit meetings will take place, and signed the guestbook.

Kim and Moon posed with children for a photograph after greeting and shaking hands
After crossing into the southern side, Kim and Moon were photographed with two children from Daeseong-dong, the South Korean village inside the DMZ. They smiled and posed with the leaders at the start of the welcoming ceremony.

Kim and Moon shake hands on both sides of demarcation line
Kim Jong Un and Moon Jae-in first shook hands as each stood on either side of the military demarcation line that divides the two.
In a symbolic move, Moon then joined Kim on the northern side of the line before both leaders stepped over to the southern side, where Friday's summit will take place.
They then took in a performance of arirang, a traditional Korean folk song known in the North and the South.
Kim did not appear to look at the South Korean military guards, instead staring straight ahead.

The historic Korean summit begins

Kim Jong Un has become first North Korean leader to cross the line dividing the two Koreas since fighting ended in the Korean War.
Watch the historic moment:
North Korea's human rights situation is not expected to be a major topic of discussion

The top items on the agenda for the summit are denuclearization, the establishment of peace and advancement of inter-Korean relations, according to President Moon Jae-in's administration.
Human rights, however, hasn't appeared to break through as a key topic, much to the dismay of advocates and North Korean defectors.
He continued: “The goal should be to find real, long-term solutions to the security challenges on the peninsula, while taking steps to improve the dire human rights situation in North Korea.”
Here's what we know about North Korea's human right's situation:
- Pyongyang is believed to operate a series of gulag-like prison camps throughout the country, which the United Nations estimates holds about 120,000 men, women and children. North Korea officially denies that the camps exist, but multiple human rights groups have documented their ongoing operation via survivor testimony and satellite imagery.
- Political dissent is nonexistent and has been punished by death. There have been reports of North Koreans being punished for not properly cleaning the photographs of Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il they're required to have in their homes.
- Entire families are purportedly punished when an individual gets in trouble with North Korean authorities.
- North Korean leader Kim Jong Un, for his part, had his own uncle executed after he was accused of treason. His half-brother, Kim Jong Nam, was killed in an airport in the Malaysian capital of Kuala Lumpur after being exposed to a deadly nerve agent. Authorities in Malaysia, South Korea and the US have all pinned the crime on the North Korean regime, which has denied any involvement.
These women marched near the DMZ to call for peace
From CNN's Sophie Jeong near the DMZ
Marchers gathered in Paju, not far from the demilitarized zone (DMZ), a day before the summit to call for peace.
More than 500 women from the International Women's Peace Group chanted, "We are one."
Moon is getting ready
President Moon Jae-in has exited his motorcade and is getting ready for the summit. We're fewer than 20 minutes away from the expected handshake.
This isn't the first time a South Korean leader has met his counterpart
President Moon Jae-in won't be the first South Korean leader to meet his North Korean counterpart.
The late South Korean Presidents Kim Dae-jung and Roh Moo-hyun each traveled to Pyongyang for inter-Korean summits in 2000 and 2007, respectively.
Both walked away with a handful of agreements, but the good will didn't last.
Still, experts say there are important lessons Moon and his administration can take from his predecessors' successes and failures.
Here's what happened in past summits:

Moon has arrived
South Korean President Moon Jae-in has arrived in the demilitarized zone. He's expected to shake hands with Kim Jong Un within the hour.
Moon's getting closer
South Korean President Moon Jae-in's motorcade has crossed the Unification Bridge, which is close to the DMZ.
Though they don't have to deal at all with traffic, the journey is taking a bit longer than expected, according to CNN's Paula Hancocks. She is on the ground near the bridge.
Former US diplomat on summit: "Expectations have been seriously elevated"

Evans Revere, a former deputy chief of mission and chargé d'affaires of the US Embassy in Seoul, spoke to CNN from Seoul about what to expect on at the summit.
He said the mood in some corners of South Korea is "optimistic bordering on euphoric."
Revere said he was concerned that the dialogue coming from the North Korean leader Kim Jong Un's regime has been too vague, a problem diplomats encountered during previous attempts at rapprochement with Pyongyang.
“The core issue going forward is going to be the one that we began with -- which is is the North Korean leader, is North Korea serious about going down the path of denuclearization? And my answer to that is I don’t know," he said.
"I suspect they may not be, but let’s hope that the North Koreans come to the table on Friday and say, 'We are serious and here’s evidence that we’re prepared to go down that path.' I’ll be the happiest man in the world if they come to the table and say something along those lines. But based on previous experience, I suspect they won’t.”
This is today's top story in Pyongyang
From CNN's Yoonjung Seo and James Griffiths
Rodong Sinmun, the official newspaper of the Workers' Party of Korea (the main political party that runs North Korea), carried the news of the summit as their top story in today's paper.

The headline reads:
Kim Jong Un, chairman of the Workers’ Party of Korea and chairman of the State Affairs Commission of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, left Pyongyang early on Friday morning for the historical North-South summit meeting and talks to be held in the south side portion of Panmunjom.
Ordinary South Koreans are largely unable to see how North Korea is framing the event. North Korean state media and propaganda is censored in the South under a national security law dating to before the Korean War, and the websites of the official Korean Central News Agency and other outlets are blocked.
Moon has left the building

South Korean President Moon Jae-in's motorcade has left Seoul en route for the DMZ.
He was greeted by cheering supporters waving South Korean flags outside the Blue House, his official residence, where he shook hands with veterans of the Korean War. Before he left, Moon greeted a large crowd and shook hands with several well-wishers before climbing into a car.
It's about 30 or so miles as the crow flies.
How South Korea is promoting the summit
The South Korean government has gone all out promoting the summit as the start of a new, peaceful era in inter-Korean relations across the capital of Seoul.
This is what it looks like in South Korea:
A poster in the Gwanghwanmum area of Seoul shows two hands shaking with a translucent Korean Peninsula on top of them and the words, "Peace made by the South and the North, together with the city of Seoul."

The lawn in front of city hall in Seoul was manicured in the shape of the Korean Peninsula.

And the unification flags, the same display that the two Koreas marched under together during the opening ceremony of the Olympics, were lined up along the road leading up to the DMZ.
This is the route Kim Jong Un may take to the DMZ

This graphic from the South Korean government shows the route that North Korean leader Kim Jong Un may take to cross into the South Korean side of the demilitarized zone (DMZ).
Here's what they said will happen:
- Kim and his wife, Ri Sol Ju, will come down with North Korean delegation through Panmungak. (It's still undecided if Kim's wife will join the summit.)
- President Moon Jae-in, his wife, Kim Jung-sook, and seven delegates, will be waiting in front of the military demarcation line.
- At 9:30 a.m., Moon and Kim will shake hands.
- The two leaders, escorted by traditional honor guards, will walk to the official welcoming ceremony venue.
The two leaders will hold talks in the Peace House

North Korean leader Kim Jong Un and South Korea's President Moon Jae-in will hold talks at the Peace House on the southern side of the demilitarized zone (DMZ) that divides the two Koreas.
Here's what you need to know about the meeting grounds:
- The DMZ is a 4 kilometer-wide strip of land that runs across the Korean Peninsula. North Korea controls the top half of the strip and South Korea controls the bottom.
- North and South Korea were divided along the 38th parallel after World War II -- a Soviet-administered north and US-administered south -- and the border line remains to this day. Neither country technically recognizes the other, as both consider themselves the rightful governments of the entire Korean Peninsula.
- The Peace House is located in what's known as either the Truce Village, the Joint Security Area (JSA) or Panmunjom. The Peace House the only part of the DMZ where troops from the two Koreas stand off face-to-face.
- The military demarcation line (MDL) that divides the northern half of the DMZ from the southern half runs straight through the JSA. In fact, the MDL divides a series of blue buildings used for talks.
- Kim is crossing the MDL to get to the Peace House, and he will be the first North Korean leader to do so since the Korean War's end. A group of journalists has even been invited over the line to film the historic occasion. Kim is not technically entering South Korea territory, just the South Korean-controlled part of the contested border.
Here's what we know about the historic summit
South Korea's President Moon Jae-in and North Korean leader Kim Jong Un will meet for the first time in more than a decade at the demilitarized zone (DMZ) that divides the two countries.
Twelve months ago, a summit between North and South Korea would've been unthinkable.
Here's why:
- North Korea test-fired three intercontinental ballistic missiles and their most powerful nuclear weapon to date in 2017. Experts said Kim's regime was dangerously close to developing the capability to hit the United States with a nuclear weapon, if it didn't have it already.
- The international community implemented its toughest ever sanctions on North Koreaby the end of 2017.
- The winds shifted as 2018 opened with Kim's annual New Year's speech, in which he wished his southern compatriots good luck in hosting the Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang.
- Moon took that olive branch and ran with it, inviting North Korea to attend and participate in the Games.
That outreach helped open the diplomatic channels that both sides used to set up today's summit.
In March, Trump accepted Kim's invitation for a face-to-face meeting, which is expected to be held in late May or June.